{"id":975,"date":"2025-02-17T05:02:54","date_gmt":"2025-02-17T05:02:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/?page_id=975"},"modified":"2025-05-06T16:01:54","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T16:01:54","slug":"fibre-quantum-key-distribution","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/quantum-information-group\/quantum-communications-research\/fibre-quantum-key-distribution\/","title":{"rendered":"Fibre QKD"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"975\" class=\"elementor elementor-975\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-891700b inner-hero mr-0 width-ih e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"891700b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e7d695 font-48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0e7d695\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fibre QKD<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-510a00a bd-row home mr-0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"510a00a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5225d61 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-start bd-nav elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"5225d61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"15\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 15\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M15.1962 7.48458C15.1962 7.99073 14.8211 8.38722 14.396 8.38722H13.5958L13.6133 12.892C13.6133 12.9679 13.6083 13.0438 13.6008 13.1197V13.5753C13.6008 14.1967 13.1532 14.7 12.6005 14.7H12.2004C12.1729 14.7 12.1454 14.7 12.1179 14.6972C12.0829 14.7 12.0479 14.7 12.0129 14.7L11.2002 14.6972H10.6C10.0474 14.6972 9.59976 14.1939 9.59976 13.5725V11.0979C9.59976 10.6002 9.24217 10.1981 8.79956 10.1981H7.19914C6.75653 10.1981 6.39894 10.6002 6.39894 11.0979V13.5725C6.39894 14.1939 5.95132 14.6972 5.39868 14.6972H4.00082C3.96331 14.6972 3.9258 14.6944 3.88829 14.6916C3.85828 14.6944 3.82827 14.6972 3.79826 14.6972H3.39816C2.84552 14.6972 2.3979 14.1939 2.3979 13.5725V10.4231C2.3979 10.3978 2.3979 10.3696 2.4004 10.3443V8.38441H1.60019C1.15008 8.38441 0.799988 7.99073 0.799988 7.48177C0.799988 7.2287 0.875007 7.00374 1.05005 6.8069L7.45921 0.525005C7.63425 0.328168 7.83431 0.300049 8.00935 0.300049C8.1844 0.300049 8.38445 0.356288 8.53449 0.496885L14.9211 6.80971C15.1212 7.00655 15.2212 7.23151 15.1962 7.48458Z\" fill=\"#007BFF\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Home<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/quantum-information-group\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Quantum Information Group<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/quantum-information-group\/quantum-communications-research\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Quantum Communications Research<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Fibre QKD<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1290c6d fibre-qkd-intro pt-74 pb-74 container-1746 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1290c6d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0af85ce font-20 txt-gap-32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0af85ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Today\u2019s communication networks make extensive use of optical fibre for transporting data. With the coming quantum era, it is therefore vital to consider how such fibre-based communications can be made quantum-safe. Fortunately, quantum key distribution (QKD) is ideally suited to optical fibre platforms, since fibres are ideal carriers for the single-photon signals upon which QKD depends. There are also many challenges, however, which we are actively addressing to develop high-performance QKD systems capable of being seamlessly integrated into current optical fibre networks around the world.<\/p><p>Our main research themes within the Fibre QKD area include the following.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63fc562 twin-field-qkd pt-70 pb-82 w-799 container-1746 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"63fc562\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fba1ca e-con-full col-left e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3fba1ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c6ade6 font-52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c6ade6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Twin-Field QKD &amp; Other Novel QKD Protocols<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1210dd1 font-16 pt-16 txt-gap-26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1210dd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We are continually pushing the limits for the maximum secure bit rate and longest distance over which QKD can operate. To achieve this, we are actively investigating new QKD protocols and designs for QKD systems and networks.<\/p><p>For example, a recent highlight from our lab was the invention of Twin-Field QKD (TF-QKD). TF QKD exploits first-order interference of encoded signals from two users and fundamentally changes the scaling relationship between secure key rate and channel loss, enabling drastically longer distances to be covered. Using this protocol, we recently developed a QKD system operating over a record-breaking 600 km, and we continue to explore new TF QKD system designs to improve the performance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8180fbb e-con-full col-right pl-45 pt-20 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8180fbb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e619779 figure-img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e619779\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"580\" height=\"263\" src=\"https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/twin-field-qkd-img.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1014\" alt=\"Twin-Field QKD &amp; Other Novel QKD Protocols\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/twin-field-qkd-img.png 580w, https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/twin-field-qkd-img-300x136.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94bbb27 font-16 font-italic pt-18 txt-blue-link txt-gap-10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94bbb27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-018-0066-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener sponsored\">Overcoming the rate-distance limit of quantum key distribution without quantum repeaters,<\/a> M. Lucamarini et al., Nature, 2018.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41566-021-00811-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener sponsored\">600-km repeater-like quantum communications with dual-band stabilization,<\/a> M. Pittaluga et al., Nature Photonics, 2021.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41566-019-0377-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener sponsored\">Experimental quantum key distribution beyond the repeaterless secret key capacity,<\/a> M. Minder et al., Nature Photonics, 2019.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-424d35c quantum-networking pt-80 pb-78 w-799 container-1746 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"424d35c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8445935 e-con-full col-left e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8445935\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-901889a figure-img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"901889a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"668\" src=\"https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/quantum-networking-img.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1061\" alt=\"Quantum Networking\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/quantum-networking-img.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/quantum-networking-img-216x300.jpg 216w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2969af font-16 font-italic pt-16 txt-blue-link txt-gap-8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e2969af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep18121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener sponsored\">Quantum secured gigabit optical access networks,<\/a> B. Fr\u00f6hlich et al., Scientific reports, 2015<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature12493\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener sponsored\">A quantum access network,<\/a> B. Fr\u00f6hlich et al , Nature, 2013.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d839983 e-con-full col-right pl-120 pt-158 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d839983\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c652f03 font-52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c652f03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quantum Networking<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-994a369 font-16 pt-16 txt-gap-27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"994a369\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Just as real-world networks for communicating classical information comprise multiple users connected by many optical fibre links, there is a need to develop quantum networks to upgrade such network-wide communications to be quantum-safe. We are currently exploring techniques to develop robust and scalable quantum network using \u2018trusted node relaying\u2019. This approach involves relaying a global key throughout a network comprising multiple QKD links, enabling larger geographical areas to be secured than using a single QKD system alone.<\/p><p>We are also adapting other network topologies from classical optical communications to the quantum domain, for example, developing quantum access networks.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a96d037 integrate-quantum pt-83 pb-75 w-799 container-1746 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a96d037\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fac2780 e-con-full col-left pt-158 pr-120 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fac2780\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d10fbb font-52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8d10fbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Integrating Quantum &amp; Classical Networks<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-466fce6 font-16 pt-16 txt-gap-27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"466fce6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As QKD relies on the generation and detection of single photons, it can be a challenge to combine such signals with existing \u2018lit\u2019 optical fibre networks carrying light signals that are millions of times stronger (since such signals can contribute noise to sensitive quantum detectors). However, this is an important requirement for many end-users, since dedicated dark fibres are not always available. To overcome this issue, we are developing various techniques to enable co-propagation of classical and quantum light signals. For example, by carefully optimising our QKD light sources and detection systems, we have demonstrated that it\u2019s possible to combine QKD with 10 Tb\/s classical data over a 50 km fibre link.<\/p><p>As well as performing research into the physical layer of network integration, i.e. combining quantum and classical signals, we are also interested in integrating QKD with emerging high-performance approaches to network management. For example, software-defined networking (SDN) is currently bringing simplified management benefits and flexibility to classical networks and we are actively exploring how such technologies can be adapted to QKD systems.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f2aea8 e-con-full col-right e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f2aea8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-766a4b7 figure-img elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"766a4b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"668\" src=\"https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/integrating-quantum-img.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1088\" alt=\"Integrating Quantum &amp; Classical Networks\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/integrating-quantum-img.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/integrating-quantum-img-216x300.jpg 216w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d33370 font-16 font-italic pt-18 txt-blue-link txt-gap-8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d33370\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.4864398\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener sponsored\">Quantum key distribution for 10 Gb\/s dense wavelength division multiplexing networks, K. A. Patel et al.,<\/a> Appl. Phys. Lett., 2014.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.24.008081\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener sponsored\">Quantum key distribution over multicore fiber,<\/a> J. F. Dynes et al., Optics express, 2016.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1889757 qkd-fields pt-70 pb-82 container-1746 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1889757\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a533369 font-52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a533369\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">QKD Field Trials<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5dfda7 font-16 pt-16 pb-16 txt-gap-27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f5dfda7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As QKD relies on the generation and detection of single photons, it can be a challenge to combine such signals with existing \u2018lit\u2019 optical fibre networks carrying light signals that are millions of times stronger (since such signals can contribute noise to sensitive quantum detectors). However, this is an important requirement for many end-users, since dedicated dark fibres are not always available. To overcome this issue, we are developing various techniques to enable co-propagation of classical and quantum light signals. For example, by carefully optimising our QKD light sources and detection systems, we have demonstrated that it\u2019s possible to combine QKD with 10 Tb\/s classical data over a 50 km fibre link.<\/p><p>As well as performing research into the physical layer of network integration, i.e. combining quantum and classical signals, we are also interested in integrating QKD with emerging high-performance approaches to network management. For example, software-defined networking (SDN) is currently bringing simplified management benefits and flexibility to classical networks and we are actively exploring how such technologies can be adapted to QKD systems.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7151b47 font-16 font-italic txt-blue-link elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7151b47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41534-019-0221-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener sponsored\">Cambridge quantum network,<\/a> J. F. Dynes et al., npj Quantum Information, 2019.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09d00f5 qcr-cards pt-82 pb-82 container-1746 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"09d00f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61a1530 e-con-full e-grid qcr-row e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61a1530\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41f1c14 e-con-full qkd-card e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41f1c14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-053dfea font-18 mh-ch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"053dfea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quantum-Safe Industry 4.0 Communications<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9cf46db ffont-16 pt-8 pb-11 txt-gap-27 mh-567 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9cf46db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The emergence of highly automated industrial practices driven by large-scale machine communication, known as Industry 4.0, offers new opportunities for smarter, more productive manufacturing. This also creates new challenges, however, due to the vast volume of commercially sensitive data which must be protected.<\/p><p>Toshiba, in collaboration with BT, recently developed a quantum-secure network between the National Composites Centre (NCC) and Centre for Modelling and Simulation (CFMS) in Bristol, bringing quantum security to their highly confidential communication of manufacturing designs. This was a challenging network due to limited bandwidth available to use for QKD on the supplied fibre, but we successfully developed a QKD system that integrated seamlessly with their network to provide a 10G quantum-secure encryption tunnel for data flowing between the 2 manufacturing sites.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9214fc1 elementor-align-left btn-bb-red elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"9214fc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.composites.media\/quantum-key-distribution-trial-takes-place-at-ncc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"53\" height=\"8\" viewBox=\"0 0 53 8\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M52.3536 4.35355C52.5488 4.15829 52.5488 3.84171 52.3536 3.64645L49.1716 0.464466C48.9763 0.269204 48.6597 0.269204 48.4645 0.464466C48.2692 0.659728 48.2692 0.976311 48.4645 1.17157L51.2929 4L48.4645 6.82843C48.2692 7.02369 48.2692 7.34027 48.4645 7.53553C48.6597 7.7308 48.9763 7.7308 49.1716 7.53553L52.3536 4.35355ZM0 4.5H52V3.5H0V4.5Z\" fill=\"transparent\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Explore More<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-387e590 e-con-full qkd-card e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"387e590\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6282bc font-18 mh-ch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f6282bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Securing Blockchain with QKD<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36df65f font-16 pt-8 pb-11 txt-gap-27 mh-567 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36df65f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Financial records are a prime example of data requiring long-term confidentiality. Many financial intuitions are currently using blockchain for such records, although the security of this is threatened due to the use of non-quantum-safe algorithms.<\/p><p>Toshiba recently partnered with JPMorgan Chase and Ciena to demonstrate quantum-secured blockchain applications. A key challenge here was the need to multiplex QKD signals with ultra-high-bandwidth 800G data streams, requiring careful system design to avoid unwanted crosstalk between quantum and classical signals.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84467c8 elementor-align-left btn-bb-red elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"84467c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jpmorganchase.com\/news-stories\/jpmc-toshiba-ciena-build-first-quantum-key-distribution-network\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"53\" height=\"8\" viewBox=\"0 0 53 8\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M52.3536 4.35355C52.5488 4.15829 52.5488 3.84171 52.3536 3.64645L49.1716 0.464466C48.9763 0.269204 48.6597 0.269204 48.4645 0.464466C48.2692 0.659728 48.2692 0.976311 48.4645 1.17157L51.2929 4L48.4645 6.82843C48.2692 7.02369 48.2692 7.34027 48.4645 7.53553C48.6597 7.7308 48.9763 7.7308 49.1716 7.53553L52.3536 4.35355ZM0 4.5H52V3.5H0V4.5Z\" fill=\"transparent\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Explore More<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db4585c e-con-full qkd-card e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db4585c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e8af4d font-18 mh-ch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0e8af4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Medical Secret Sharing<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4ea5ec font-16 pt-8 pb-11 txt-gap-27 mh-567 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b4ea5ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>With the increasing digitisation of medical care, there are growing amounts of medical data that need to be shared between hospitals. Unfortunately, it is well known that such medical data is often the target of hackers due to the high black-market value of stolen medical data.<\/p><p>Toshiba recently demonstrated a solution, in partnership with Fragmentix as part of the OpenQKD EU-funded project. QKD was used to provide protection for the data in transit, with added security to protect the data at rest using Shamir secret sharing to fragment it over multiple locations. This demonstrates some of the opportunities for building high-performance cryptosystems by combining QKD with other cryptographic primitives.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9503d05 elementor-align-left btn-bb-red elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"9503d05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/fragmentix-storage-solutions-gmbh-medical-data-successfully-protected-by-quantum-cryptography-in-graz-301190726.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"53\" height=\"8\" viewBox=\"0 0 53 8\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M52.3536 4.35355C52.5488 4.15829 52.5488 3.84171 52.3536 3.64645L49.1716 0.464466C48.9763 0.269204 48.6597 0.269204 48.4645 0.464466C48.2692 0.659728 48.2692 0.976311 48.4645 1.17157L51.2929 4L48.4645 6.82843C48.2692 7.02369 48.2692 7.34027 48.4645 7.53553C48.6597 7.7308 48.9763 7.7308 49.1716 7.53553L52.3536 4.35355ZM0 4.5H52V3.5H0V4.5Z\" fill=\"transparent\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Explore More<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ef5bca e-con-full qcr-button pt-45 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0ef5bca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ece8113 elementor-align-center btn-bb-red elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ece8113\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/quantum-information-group\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"53\" height=\"8\" viewBox=\"0 0 53 8\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M52.3536 4.35355C52.5488 4.15829 52.5488 3.84171 52.3536 3.64645L49.1716 0.464466C48.9763 0.269204 48.6597 0.269204 48.4645 0.464466C48.2692 0.659728 48.2692 0.976311 48.4645 1.17157L51.2929 4L48.4645 6.82843C48.2692 7.02369 48.2692 7.34027 48.4645 7.53553C48.6597 7.7308 48.9763 7.7308 49.1716 7.53553L52.3536 4.35355ZM0 4.5H52V3.5H0V4.5Z\" fill=\"transparent\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Quantum Information Group<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc4d903 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dc4d903\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1838e0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"1838e0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"3400\" class=\"elementor elementor-3400\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc95b67 latest-pub-qig pt-83 pb-47 container-1746 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fc95b67\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33e2e7f e-con-full col-left pr-112 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"33e2e7f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87f9589 crl-dual-head pb-26 font-62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-exad-exclusive-dual-heading\" data-id=\"87f9589\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"exad-exclusive-dual-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n        <div class=\"exad-dual-heading\">\r\n            <div class=\"exad-dual-heading-wrapper\">\r\n            \r\n                <h2 class=\"exad-dual-heading-title\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"first-heading\">Quantum Information Group<\/span>\r\n                    <span class=\"second-heading\">Latest Publications<\/span>\r\n                                    <\/h2>\r\n\r\n                                    <p class=\"exad-dual-heading-description\">Information contained in news and other announcements is current on the date of posting, but subject to change without notice.<\/p>\r\n                  \r\n\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b311440 elementor-align-left btn-bb-red lp-btn elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"b311440\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/publications_category\/quantum-information-group\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"53\" height=\"8\" viewBox=\"0 0 53 8\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M52.3536 4.35355C52.5488 4.15829 52.5488 3.84171 52.3536 3.64645L49.1716 0.464466C48.9763 0.269204 48.6597 0.269204 48.4645 0.464466C48.2692 0.659728 48.2692 0.976311 48.4645 1.17157L51.2929 4L48.4645 6.82843C48.2692 7.02369 48.2692 7.34027 48.4645 7.53553C48.6597 7.7308 48.9763 7.7308 49.1716 7.53553L52.3536 4.35355ZM0 4.5H52V3.5H0V4.5Z\" fill=\"transparent\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">See What's New<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1feed05 e-con-full col-right e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1feed05\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-519f67f elementor-grid-1 pp-equal-height-yes lp-post elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-grid-tablet-1 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-posts\" data-id=\"519f67f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-posts.template\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-posts-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-posts pp-posts-skin-template elementor-grid pp-posts-grid\" data-query-type=\"custom\" data-layout=\"grid\" data-page=\"3400\" data-skin=\"template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-post-wrap pp-grid-item-wrap elementor-grid-item post-7726 latest-publication type-latest-publication status-publish hentry publications_category-quantum-information-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-post pp-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\"><style>.elementor-5261 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ee29110{--display:flex;--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:100%;--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--gap:0px 0px;--row-gap:0px;--column-gap:0px;border-style:solid;--border-style:solid;border-width:0px 0px 1px 0px;--border-top-width:0px;--border-right-width:0px;--border-bottom-width:1px;--border-left-width:0px;border-color:#0064D2;--border-color:#0064D2;--border-radius:0px 0px 0px 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url('https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ToshibaSans-Light.ttf') format('truetype');\n}\n@font-face {\n\tfont-family: 'Toshiba Sans';\n\tfont-style: normal;\n\tfont-weight: 400;\n\tfont-display: auto;\n\tsrc: url('https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ToshibaSans-Regular.ttf') format('truetype');\n}\n@font-face {\n\tfont-family: 'Toshiba Sans';\n\tfont-style: normal;\n\tfont-weight: 500;\n\tfont-display: auto;\n\tsrc: url('https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ToshibaSans-Medium.ttf') format('truetype');\n}\n@font-face {\n\tfont-family: 'Toshiba Sans';\n\tfont-style: normal;\n\tfont-weight: bold;\n\tfont-display: auto;\n\tsrc: url('https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ToshibaSans-Bold.ttf') format('truetype');\n}\n\/* End Custom Fonts CSS *\/<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"5261\" class=\"elementor elementor-5261 e-loop-item e-loop-item-7726 post-7726 latest-publication type-latest-publication status-publish hentry publications_category-quantum-information-group ast-article-single\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div data-pp-template-widget-id=\"ee29110-7726\" class=\"elementor-pp-element-ee29110-7726 elementor-element elementor-element-ee29110 e-con-full pub-content pb-34 e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ee29110\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-pp-template-widget-id=\"f9ed225-7726\" class=\"elementor-pp-element-f9ed225-7726 elementor-element elementor-element-f9ed225 font-15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9ed225\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2024\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-pp-template-widget-id=\"b29bdd0-7726\" class=\"elementor-pp-element-b29bdd0-7726 elementor-element elementor-element-b29bdd0 font-25 pt-19 pb-9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b29bdd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1038\/s41928-024-01140-0?utm_source=rct_congratemailt&#038;utm_medium=email&#038;utm_campaign=nonoa_20240515&#038;utm_content=10.1038%2Fs41928-024-01140-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A fast and robust quantum random number generator with a self-contained integrated photonic randomness core<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-pp-template-widget-id=\"9c3f25e-7726\" class=\"elementor-pp-element-9c3f25e-7726 elementor-element elementor-element-9c3f25e font-15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9c3f25e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Davide G. Marangon, Peter R. Smith, Nathan Walk, Taofiq K. Para\u00c3\u00afso, James F. Dynes, Victor Lovic, Mirko Sanzaro, Thomas Roger, Innocenzo De Marco, Marco Lucamarini, Zhiliang Yuan &amp; Andrew J. Shields<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-pp-template-widget-id=\"405d361-7726\" class=\"elementor-pp-element-405d361-7726 elementor-element elementor-element-405d361 font-15 pb-36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"405d361\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNature Electronics Volume 7, pages 396\u2013404, (2024)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-pp-template-widget-id=\"c67fb5d-7726\" class=\"elementor-pp-element-c67fb5d-7726 elementor-element elementor-element-c67fb5d elementor-align-left btn-rm elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c67fb5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1038\/s41928-024-01140-0?utm_source=rct_congratemailt&#038;utm_medium=email&#038;utm_campaign=nonoa_20240515&#038;utm_content=10.1038%2Fs41928-024-01140-0\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"15\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 15\" fill=\"none\"><rect class=\"icon-circle\" x=\"0.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" rx=\"7\" stroke=\"#C5C5C5\"><\/rect><path class=\"icon-arrow\" d=\"M9.54496 7.85355C9.74022 7.65829 9.74022 7.34171 9.54496 7.14645L6.36298 3.96447C6.16772 3.7692 5.85113 3.7692 5.65587 3.96447C5.46061 4.15973 5.46061 4.47631 5.65587 4.67157L8.4843 7.5L5.65587 10.3284C5.46061 10.5237 5.46061 10.8403 5.65587 11.0355C5.85113 11.2308 6.16772 11.2308 6.36298 11.0355L9.54496 7.85355ZM8.19141 8H9.19141V7H8.19141V8Z\" fill=\"black\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read More<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-post-wrap pp-grid-item-wrap elementor-grid-item post-7735 latest-publication type-latest-publication status-publish hentry publications_category-quantum-information-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-post pp-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\"><style>.elementor-5261 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ee29110{--display:flex;--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:100%;--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--gap:0px 0px;--row-gap:0px;--column-gap:0px;border-style:solid;--border-style:solid;border-width:0px 0px 1px 0px;--border-top-width:0px;--border-right-width:0px;--border-bottom-width:1px;--border-left-width:0px;border-color:#0064D2;--border-color:#0064D2;--border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;--margin-top:0px;--margin-bottom:0px;--margin-left:0px;--margin-right:0px;--padding-top:0px;--padding-bottom:34px;--padding-left:0px;--padding-right:0px;}.elementor-widget-text-editor{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-size:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );text-transform:var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform );font-style:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style );text-decoration:var( --e-global-typography-text-text-decoration );line-height:var( --e-global-typography-text-line-height );color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:var( --e-global-color-primary 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url('https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ToshibaSans-Bold.ttf') format('truetype');\n}\n\/* End Custom Fonts CSS *\/<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"5261\" class=\"elementor elementor-5261 e-loop-item e-loop-item-7735 post-7735 latest-publication type-latest-publication status-publish hentry publications_category-quantum-information-group ast-article-single\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div data-pp-template-widget-id=\"ee29110-7726\" class=\"elementor-pp-element-ee29110-7726 elementor-element elementor-element-ee29110 e-con-full pub-content pb-34 e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ee29110\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-pp-template-widget-id=\"f9ed225-7735\" class=\"elementor-pp-element-f9ed225-7735 elementor-element elementor-element-f9ed225 font-15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9ed225\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2023\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-pp-template-widget-id=\"b29bdd0-7735\" class=\"elementor-pp-element-b29bdd0-7735 elementor-element elementor-element-b29bdd0 font-25 pt-19 pb-9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b29bdd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OFC.2023.Tu3H.2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Co-propagation of 6 Tb\/s (60* 100Gb\/s) DWDM &#038; QKD channels with ~17 dBm aggregated WDM power over 50 km Standard Single Mode Fiber<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-pp-template-widget-id=\"9c3f25e-7735\" class=\"elementor-pp-element-9c3f25e-7735 elementor-element elementor-element-9c3f25e font-15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9c3f25e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P. Gavignet ORA, F. Mondain ORA, E. Pincemin ORA, A. J. Grant T, L. Johnson T, R. I. Woodward T, J. F. Dynes T, and A. J. Shields T<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-pp-template-widget-id=\"405d361-7735\" class=\"elementor-pp-element-405d361-7735 elementor-element elementor-element-405d361 font-15 pb-36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"405d361\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOptical Fiber Communication Conference 2023\n San Diego California United States\n 5\u20139 March 2023\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-pp-template-widget-id=\"c67fb5d-7735\" class=\"elementor-pp-element-c67fb5d-7735 elementor-element elementor-element-c67fb5d elementor-align-left btn-rm elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c67fb5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OFC.2023.Tu3H.2\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"15\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 15\" fill=\"none\"><rect class=\"icon-circle\" x=\"0.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" rx=\"7\" stroke=\"#C5C5C5\"><\/rect><path class=\"icon-arrow\" d=\"M9.54496 7.85355C9.74022 7.65829 9.74022 7.34171 9.54496 7.14645L6.36298 3.96447C6.16772 3.7692 5.85113 3.7692 5.65587 3.96447C5.46061 4.15973 5.46061 4.47631 5.65587 4.67157L8.4843 7.5L5.65587 10.3284C5.46061 10.5237 5.46061 10.8403 5.65587 11.0355C5.85113 11.2308 6.16772 11.2308 6.36298 11.0355L9.54496 7.85355ZM8.19141 8H9.19141V7H8.19141V8Z\" fill=\"black\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read More<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-post-wrap pp-grid-item-wrap elementor-grid-item post-7746 latest-publication type-latest-publication status-publish hentry publications_category-quantum-information-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-post pp-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\"><style>.elementor-5261 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ee29110{--display:flex;--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:100%;--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--gap:0px 0px;--row-gap:0px;--column-gap:0px;border-style:solid;--border-style:solid;border-width:0px 0px 1px 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url('https:\/\/www.toshiba.eu\/cambridge-research-laboratory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ToshibaSans-Bold.ttf') format('truetype');\n}\n\/* End Custom Fonts CSS *\/<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"5261\" class=\"elementor elementor-5261 e-loop-item e-loop-item-7746 post-7746 latest-publication type-latest-publication status-publish hentry publications_category-quantum-information-group ast-article-single\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div data-pp-template-widget-id=\"ee29110-7726\" class=\"elementor-pp-element-ee29110-7726 elementor-element elementor-element-ee29110 e-con-full pub-content pb-34 e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ee29110\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-pp-template-widget-id=\"f9ed225-7746\" class=\"elementor-pp-element-f9ed225-7746 elementor-element elementor-element-f9ed225 font-15 elementor-widget 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distribution for reconfigurable classical-quantum networks<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-pp-template-widget-id=\"9c3f25e-7746\" class=\"elementor-pp-element-9c3f25e-7746 elementor-element elementor-element-9c3f25e font-15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9c3f25e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>R. 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1.17157L51.2929 4L48.4645 6.82843C48.2692 7.02369 48.2692 7.34027 48.4645 7.53553C48.6597 7.7308 48.9763 7.7308 49.1716 7.53553L52.3536 4.35355ZM0 4.5H52V3.5H0V4.5Z\" fill=\"transparent\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Learn More<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fibre QKD Home Quantum Information Group Quantum Communications Research Fibre QKD Today\u2019s communication networks make extensive use of optical fibre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":706,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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